Exploring the Effectiveness and Implementation of Local Supplementary Feeding Programs for Undernourished Toddlers

Abstract

Background: Undernutrition among toddlers remains a critical public health challenge in Indonesia, significantly impacting cognitive and motor development during the first 1,000 days of life. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of a 56-day local food-based Supplementary Feeding (PMT) program at the Bara-Baraya Community Health Center in Makassar City. Methods: This research employed a mixed-methods approach with a sequential explanatory design, involving 16 undernourished toddlers. The intervention consisted of a 56-day local food-based PMT, such as moringa fish nuggets and meatball bites, utilizing a 7-day menu cycle. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, while qualitative data were gathered through in-depth interviews with nutrition officers and cadres. Results: The study found a significant increase in anthropometric indicators, with average weight rising from 9.1 kg to 10.06 kg and average body length from 82.3 cm to 83.6 cm. Remarkably, 100% of the respondents (16 children) successfully transitioned from undernourished to good nutritional status (p=0.000). Qualitative findings indicated that the program's success was driven by systematic management, centralized food processing, and a rigorous monitoring strategy by cadres to ensure complete consumption. Conclusions: Local food-based PMT interventions utilizing nutrient-dense ingredients like Moringa and fish are highly effective in improving the nutritional status of toddlers during their critical growth period.